13 July — Mikhail Fyodorovich died at the age of 49 from dropsy of unknown origin. In the opinion of the physicians who treated the Tsar of Muscovy, his illness arose from “much sitting,” from cold drinking, and from melancholy, “that is, sorrow.” Mikhail Fyodorovich was buried in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.
Aleksey Mikhailovich was the second tsar of the House of Romanov. Until the age of five, the young tsarevich Aleksey remained in the care of the royal “nannies.” From the age of five, under the supervision of B. I. Morozov, he began to learn literacy from a primer, then proceeded to reading the Book of Hours, the Psalter, and the Acts of the Holy Apostles; at seven he began to learn writing, and at nine—church singing. Over time, the child (at 11–12 years of age) assembled a small library; among the books that belonged to him are mentioned, among others, a Lexicon and a grammar published in Lithuania, as well as a Cosmography. Among the items of the future tsar’s “childish amusements” were: a horse and children’s armor “of German make,” musical instruments, German maps, and “printed sheets” (pictures). Thus, alongside the former educational means, innovations are also noticeable, introduced not without the direct influence of B. I. Morozov. The latter, as is known, for the first time dressed the young tsar, together with his brother and other children, in German clothing. In his 14th year the tsarevich was ceremonially “presented” to the people, and at 16, having lost his father and mother, he ascended the Muscovite throne. Tsar Mikhail, from birth, was not distinguished by robust health. Already in 1627, at the age of 30, Mikhail Fyodorovich suffered so much “in his legs” that sometimes, in his own words, he was “carried to the carriage and from the carriage in chairs.”
25 September — Ole Christensen Rømer was born, a Danish astronomer who was the first to determine the magnitude of the speed of light.