March 6 — Catherine I Alexeyevna was proclaimed Tsaritsa.
January 13 — In Wesel, a tsarevich was born, the son of Peter I and Catherine Alexeyevna, Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich Romanov. At that time Peter I was living separately from his wife in Amsterdam and, upon learning of his son's birth, wrote to Prince Golitsyn that Catherine had given birth to "the little soldier Pavel." The infant died the next day.
May 6 — Tsarevich Alexei arrived at the Neapolitan fortress of Sant'Elmo. There he was found by the envoys sent by the tsar, Pyotr Tolstoy and Alexander Rumyantsev. Despite the tsarevich's fears, Tolstoy managed to persuade him to return to Russia (October 14); during the return journey Alexei Petrovich was granted permission to marry Yevfrosinya Fyodorovna, but not abroad—only after entering the borders of Russia, so that there would be less shame.
July 4 — A Russian naval landing took place on the Swedish island of Gotland. A squadron of Russian warships under Admiral Fyodor Apraksin and Commander Jan Fangoft approached the island, shelled it, and landed marines, who burned several villages and took many prisoners. A week later the landing force and everything it had seized were loaded onto the ships, and the squadron returned to Reval.
The Prussian king Frederick William I presented to Tsar Peter I the famous Amber Room. Peter himself wrote about it to his wife Catherine as follows: "The king presented me with a fine gift: a yacht, very richly fitted out in Potsdam, and an Amber Cabinet, which we have long desired."
The first evidence of Russian stone (jasper) appeared; the extraction of jasper began near the Nerchinsk Works at Jasper Mountain on the Argun River in Transbaikalia.