Peter I issued a decree “On bringing newly born monstrosities, as well as found extraordinary objects” to the Kunstkamera.
Halley discovered the proper motion of Arcturus, Sirius, and Aldebaran.
22 November — Edward Teach died, an English pirate commonly known as Blackbeard.
30 November — Charles XII died, the Swedish king previously defeated at Poltava.
18 December — Anna Leopoldovna was born, the mother of Emperor Ivan VI.
The Commerce Collegium was established. The first Russian consulate was established in Amsterdam; it was followed by consulates in London, Toulon, Cádiz, Lisbon, and soon in almost all the principal cities of Europe and Persia.
5 July — the Supreme Court created by Peter I sentenced the heir to the Russian throne, Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, to death on charges of high treason. The first meeting of Tsar Peter with his son, Tsarevich Alexei, took place on 3 February. After that, the tsarevich was deprived of the right to inherit the throne; tortures and executions began (of Kikina, Glebov, and many others). The investigation was initially conducted in Moscow; in the second half of March it was then transferred to St. Petersburg. The tsarevich was also subjected to torture from 19 to 26 June, when, at 6 o’clock in the afternoon, he died without waiting for the death sentence to be carried out. By Crown Princess Charlotte, the tsarevich had two children: a daughter, Natalia, born 12 July 1714, and a son, Peter, born 12 Oct. 1715. By Euphrosyne Fyodorovna, Alexei Petrovich was also supposed to have a child in April 1717; its fate is unknown.
Ekaterina Alexeyevna died — the daughter of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from his first marriage. Alone, keeping apart from the political events of her time, she did not experience the wrath of Peter I. She was a godmother at the baptism of Catherine I.
17 May — the English jurist James Puckle patented the world’s first machine gun.