Option 2.
A significant number of provisionals is associated with the Civil War of 1918–1922. At that time, there was no stable central authority across most of the country; many regions became independent, and the devastation and war led to substantial inflation. Frequent changes in postal rates and the inability to supply the postal network with stamps of the required denominations prompted periodic revaluations of existing stocks in accordance with directives of the People’s Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs of the RSFSR, which did not provide for any overprints. However, in some localities certain post offices nevertheless applied overprints to the revalued stamps being sold, or simply added handwritten inscriptions. All these stamps are characterized by an extremely simple overprinting technique.